Elected Farm Income (EFI)
EFI is the amount of income from your farming business that you elect to have taxed at base year rates. You can designate as EFI any type of income attributable to your farming business. However, your EFI can't be more than your taxable income, and any EFI from a net capital gain attributable to your farming business can't be more than your total net capital gain.
Income from your farming business is the sum of any farm income or gain minus any farm expenses or losses allowed as deductions in figuring your taxable income. However, it doesn't include gain or loss from the sale or other disposition of land, or from the sale of development rights, grazing rights, and other similar rights.
Gains or losses from the sale or other disposition of farm property. Gains or losses from the sale or other disposition of farm property other than land can be designated as EFI if you (or your partnership or S corporation) used the property regularly for a substantial period in a farming business. Whether the property has been regularly used for a substantial period depends on all the facts and circumstances.
Liquidation of a farming business.
If you (or your partnership or S corporation) liquidate your farming business, gains or losses on property sold within a reasonable time after operations stop can be designated as EFI. A period of 1 year after stopping operations is a reasonable time. After that, what is a reasonable time depends on the facts and circumstances.
EFI and base year rates.
If your EFI includes both ordinary income and capital gains, you must use tax rates from each base year to compute tax on an equal portion of each type of income. For example, you can't tax all of the capital gains at the rate for capital gains from a single base year.