Efforts to protect our nongame wildlife—animals that are not hunted or fished—depend on your generosity. Please contribute to the Colorado Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Fund on your Colorado state income tax return.
Money given through the Colorado Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Fund has helped the Colorado Division of Wildlife (CDOW) support dozens of programs that help ensure the survival of Colorado's threatened and endangered animals. We have taken a proactive and comprehensive approach to endangered species conservation in Colorado, striving to preserve our tremendous biological resources and reduce the burden of federal regulations.
Thanks to contributions of Colorado's taxpayers through the income tax checkoff program:
- River otters have been reintroduced to the state, expanded their range in Colorado river basins, and are almost ready to be removed from the threatened and endangered list;
- Over 200 Canada lynx were reintroduced into Colorado in what has been touted as the most successful large cat reintroduction, ever, in the United States. From the 100 cats believed to have survived, the CDOW has documented 43 dens and 126 kittens since 2003;
- Boreal toad eggs and tadpoles produced at Mumma Native Aquatic Species facility are being released into suitable habitats in Rocky Mountain National Park and northern Colorado;
- Almost 1,000 acres of wetlands and nine miles of streams were restored or enhanced in 2009;
- Despite concerns over potential declines, the CDOW has found pika, northern leopard frogs, and black-tailed prairie dog colonies to still be well-distributed in the state;
- Population surveys to evaluate trends and research to understand threats and guide conservation actions continue for sage-grouse, boreal toad, lynx, eastern plains fishes, mountain plover, black-footed ferrets, and prairie dogs.
Your support is essential for the Colorado Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Fund and its worthy recipients. You can really make a difference in the future of Colorado's nongame wildlife.
Before you mail in your Colorado income tax return, why not think of Colorado's threatened and endangered wildlife. Help us to help them; Colorado wildlife is your wildlife.
Care guide
Salmonella precautions
Always wash your hands after touching an amphibian or any part of an amphibian’s habitat. For more information, see our “Amphibians, Reptiles, and Prevention of Salmonella
Transmission” statement.
Immediate care and handling
Open the shipping container as soon as it arrives and acclimate the tadpoles to holding pails or habitats immediately.
Allow 50 to 60 minutes for acclimation. Have a habitat or holding pail made of glass, plastic, or stainless steel prepared with room-temperature water before proceeding. Use spring water, pond water, or dechlorinated tap water only. Spring water is available from Carolina (item #132458) or your local grocery store. If you buy spring water at the store, read the label carefully to be sure it contains no additives. If you use tap water, you must treat it first with a chemical water conditioner (such as item #971160, #672291, or #672292) to remove chlorine and chloramines.
To acclimatize your tadpoles:
- Float the bag in the holding pail or set the bag next to the habitat.
- After 20 to 30 minutes, remove about 1/4 of the water from the bag and replace it with water from the holding pail or habitat.
- Wait 15 minutes and then repeat step 2.
- After another 15 minutes, position a net over an empty cup or bucket (not the holding pail or habitat) and gently pour the tadpoles from the bag into the net. Transfer the netted tadpoles to the holding pail or habitat and discard the shipping water and shipping bag. Your tadpoles are now acclimated to their new environment.
Habitat setup and maintenance
Shallow trays, aquariums, and large culture dishes are all suitable tadpole habitats. Keep tadpoles in glass, plastic, or stainless steel only.
Clean the habitat with hot water before use, but do not use soap or detergent. Native tadpoles generally live in shallow water, so fill the habitat to a depth of 2 to 5 cm (3/4 to 2”). Bullfrog tadpoles can have a water depth of 8 to 13 cm (3 to 5”), and Xenopus tadpoles should have a depth of 10 to 20 cm (4 to 8”). Remember to always use spring water, pond water, or tap water that has been treated with a chemical water conditioner.
Change 1/4 to 1/3 of the water 2 to 3 times a week, or more often if it becomes cloudy. Be sure that any water you add matches the temperature of the current water. We do not recommend a filter, since it may suck up the tadpoles. A small aquarium pump with an air stone or other bubbler will help keep the water oxygenated. Keep the habitat at room temperature, away from heating or cooling vents, and out of direct sunlight.
Once a week, clean and rinse all habitats and utensils in hot water, without soap or detergent. Transfer the tadpoles to a holding pail while you clean the habitat.
Tadpoles can tolerate a wide range of temperatures but not a sudden temperature change. Never transfer tadpoles to water that differs in temperature by more than 1 to 1.5° C (2 to 3° F).
For maximum growth, put no more than 30 small tadpoles in every 4 L (1 gal) of water. As the tadpoles grow, decrease the population density by setting up more habitats and dividing the tadpoles among them.
Care and feeding
Most native tadpoles are vegetarian and live on a variety of plant materials. You can add aquatic plants such as Elodea (item #162101) to the habitat for decoration and as a food source. Provide enough light for the plants to carry out photosynthesis, but always avoid placing the habitat in direct sunlight.
Our Tadpole Food (item #146500) is an excellent food source for native tadpoles. Other options include pelleted rabbit food, fish food, and algae supplemented with finely powdered beef liver or powdered egg yolk. Parboiled lettuce and spinach are also suitable, but you should supplement them with other foods; tadpoles fed exclusively on lettuce or spinach may develop tumors. Xenopus tadpoles are filter feeders and will eat our Xenopus Tadpole Food (item #146501), nettle powder, or pea soup.
Do not feed more than the tadpoles can consume in a few hours. If your tadpoles are newly hatched from eggs, wait to begin feeding them until they are actively swimming. For 2 to 3 young tadpoles, a small pinch of food every other day is a good starting point. The amount you feed will depend on the size and number of your tadpoles, so it may require some trial and error. Increase the amount of food you provide as the tadpoles grow.
Remove any uneaten food from the habitat a few hours after every feeding. You may find that a pipette, turkey baster, or aquarium siphon makes it easier to remove the uneaten food, but be careful not to siphon up or injure the tadpoles.
After the front limbs appear, tadpoles may stop eating. This is because they are literally digesting their tails and need no additional food. Tadpoles also develop lungs at about the same time as their front limbs, and they will need a way to reach the air to breathe. Add a flat rock or other object to the habitat once the tadpole has hind limbs, so that it will be able to climb out as it matures. (Xenopus are completely aquatic, so they don’t need a way out of the water.) Frogs can climb on almost any surface, but toads need a surface that provides traction. Spring peepers are excellent climbers and will escape from any container that does not have a lid.
Frog habitat
Once frogs or toads are crawling out of the water with their tails mostly gone, move them to a terrarium. (Xenopus are completely aquatic; keep them in an aquarium as you would goldfish.) The terrarium should have a sand substrate and a source of water.
For frogs, put about 5 cm (2”) of clean sand in the bottom of the terrarium and bulldoze it to one end to create a land side and a water side. The depth of water depends on the size of the frogs, but it should be a few centimeters at most. Toads are terrestrial and can drown if they are trapped in water, so cover the bottom of their terrarium with clean sand and place a shallow dish of water on top. Keep the terrarium at room temperature and away from direct sunlight.
Native frogs and toads need live insects to eat. Start by offering them fruit flies, then add small cricket nymphs as the frogs grow. Larger frogs and toads can be fed redworms (small whole worms or chopped pieces), waxworms, mealworms, and crickets. Feed frogs and toads 2 to 3 times a week. Once or twice a week, dust the insects with a commercial vitamin/mineral supplement prior to feeding.
Xenopus frogs do not need live food. You can feed them pelleted food such as HBH Frog & Tadpole Bites (item #146503).
For additional information, see our Carolina™ Reptiles and Amphibians: Care and Culture manual as well as our individual Small Toad Carolina™ CareSheet, Tree Frogs Carolina™ CareSheet, and Xenopus Carolina™ CareSheet.
FAQs
How do I know if I have Xenopus
tadpoles?
Unless you raised Xenopus tadpoles from the egg stage, you probably have tadpoles of a native frog or toad. Native tadpoles are heavily pigmented. Xenopus
tadpoles, especially in early stages, are nearly transparent.
What species of tadpole does Carolina have?
We ship a variety of species depending on seasonal availability. In general, spring peeper tadpoles are available in the early spring, followed by toads and then grass frogs. In the winter we may send lab-reared grass frog tadpoles. Refer to any information that came with your order for the exact species you received.
Our tadpoles are now frogs. Can we release them into a pond?
No. A frog may be native to North America, but it may not be native to your area. Do not release Xenopus into the environment because it is not native and could damage native amphibian populations. Your state Department of Natural Resources or Department of Wildlife can advise you on relevant laws, guidelines, and regulations.
Our tadpoles are dying. What can we do?
Rushing the acclimation procedure can kill the tadpoles. Also, soap and detergent can leave a toxic residue.
You can try switching to a different water source. Tap water can have toxic metal ions, spring water from a grocery store might contain trace contaminants, and locally collected spring or pond water might contain a pollutant.
When performing water changes, be sure that the new water is the same temperature as the old water. It is also less stressful for tadpoles if you change small amounts of water more frequently, rather than changing a large amount of water all at once.
Unfortunately, the death rate of native frog tadpoles is often extremely high, even if you do everything right.
How long before the tadpoles become frogs?
Spring peeper and toad tadpoles transform into small adults in 6 to 8 weeks. Other species, including Xenopus, take from 10 to 14 weeks. Bullfrog tadpoles may take from 4 to 18 months to metamorphose.
Problems?
We hope not, but if so, contact us. We want you to have a good experience.
Orders and replacements: 800.334.5551, then select Customer Service.
Technical support and questions: caresheets@carolina.com